Dynactin subunit 1 (DCTN1)
The protein contains 1278 amino acids for an estimated molecular weight of 141695 Da.
Plays a key role in dynein-mediated retrograde transport of vesicles and organelles along microtubules by recruiting and tethering dynein to microtubules. Binds to both dynein and microtubules providing a link between specific cargos, microtubules and dynein. Essential for targeting dynein to microtubule plus ends, recruiting dynein to membranous cargos and enhancing dynein processivity (the ability to move along a microtubule for a long distance without falling off the track). Can also act as a brake to slow the dynein motor during motility along the microtubule (PubMed:25185702). Can regulate microtubule stability by promoting microtubule formation, nucleation and polymerization and by inhibiting microtubule catastrophe in neurons. Inhibits microtubule catastrophe by binding both to microtubules and to tubulin, leading to enhanced microtubule stability along the axon (PubMed:23874158). Plays a role in metaphase spindle orientation (PubMed:22327364). Plays a role in centriole cohesion and subdistal appendage organization and function. Its recruitment to the centriole in a KIF3A-dependent manner is essential for the maintenance of centriole cohesion and the formation of subdistal appendage. Also required for microtubule anchoring at the mother centriole (PubMed:23386061). Plays a role in primary cilia formation (PubMed:25774020). (updated: Oct. 16, 2019)
Protein identification was indicated in the following studies:
- Goodman and co-workers. (2013) The proteomics and interactomics of human erythrocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 238(5), 509-518.
- Lange and co-workers. (2014) Annotating N termini for the human proteome project: N termini and Nα-acetylation status differentiate stable cleaved protein species from degradation remnants in the human erythrocyte proteome. J Proteome Res. 13(4), 2028-2044.
- Hegedűs and co-workers. (2015) Inconsistencies in the red blood cell membrane proteome analysis: generation of a database for research and diagnostic applications. Database (Oxford) 1-8.
- Wilson and co-workers. (2016) Comparison of the Proteome of Adult and Cord Erythroid Cells, and Changes in the Proteome Following Reticulocyte Maturation. Mol Cell Proteomics. 15(6), 1938-1946.
- Bryk and co-workers. (2017) Quantitative Analysis of Human Red Blood Cell Proteome. J Proteome Res. 16(8), 2752-2761.
- D'Alessandro and co-workers. (2017) Red blood cell proteomics update: is there more to discover? Blood Transfus. 15(2), 182-187.
- Chu and co-workers. (2018) Quantitative mass spectrometry of human reticulocytes reveal proteome-wide modifications during maturation. Br J Haematol. 180(1), 118-133.
Methods
The following articles were analysed to gather the proteome content of erythrocytes.
The gene or protein list provided in the studies were processed using the ID mapping API of Uniprot in September 2018. The number of proteins identified and mapped without ambiguity in these studies is indicated below.
Only Swiss-Prot entries (reviewed) were considered for protein evidence assignation.
| Publication | Identification 1 | Uniprot mapping 2 | Not mapped / Obsolete | TrEMBL | Swiss-Prot |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goodman (2013) | 2289 (gene list) | 2278 | 53 | 20599 | 2269 |
| Lange (2014) | 1234 | 1234 | 7 | 28 | 1224 |
| Hegedus (2015) | 2638 | 2622 | 0 | 235 | 2387 |
| Wilson (2016) | 1658 | 1528 | 170 | 291 | 1068 |
| d'Alessandro (2017) | 1826 | 1817 | 2 | 0 | 1815 |
| Bryk (2017) | 2090 | 2060 | 10 | 108 | 1942 |
| Chu (2018) | 1853 | 1804 | 55 | 362 | 1387 |
1 as available in the article and/or in supplementary material
2 uniprot mapping returns all protein isoforms as one entry
The compilation of older studies can be retrieved from the Red Blood Cell Collection database.
The data and differentiation stages presented below come from the proteomic study and analysis performed by our partners of the GReX consortium, more details are available in their published work.
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Biological Process
Antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II
Cell division
Cellular protein metabolic process
Centriole-centriole cohesion
Ciliary basal body-plasma membrane docking
Cytoplasmic microtubule organization
Endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
Endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
Establishment of mitotic spindle orientation
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response
Maintenance of synapse structure
Melanosome transport
Microtubule anchoring at centrosome
Mitotic cell cycle
Mitotic nuclear division
Motor behavior
Nervous system development
Neuromuscular junction development
Neuromuscular process
Neuron cellular homeostasis
Neuron projection maintenance
Non-motile cilium assembly
Nuclear membrane disassembly
Nuclear migration
Obsolete activation of signaling protein activity involved in unfolded protein response
Organelle organization
Positive regulation of microtubule nucleation
Positive regulation of microtubule polymerization
Positive regulation of neuromuscular junction development
Regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
Regulation of mitotic spindle organization
Retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi
Transport along microtubule
Ventral spinal cord development
Cellular Component
Actin cytoskeleton
Axon
Cell cortex
Cell cortex region
Cell leading edge
Centriolar subdistal appendage
Centriole
Centrosome
Ciliary basal body
Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Dynactin complex
Dynein complex
Intercellular bridge
Intermediate filament cytoskeleton
Kinetochore
Membrane
Microtubule
Microtubule associated complex
Microtubule cytoskeleton
Microtubule plus-end
Mitotic spindle
Neuron projection
Neuronal cell body
Nuclear envelope
Nucleus
Obsolete cell
Spindle
Spindle pole
The reference OMIM entry for this protein is 105400
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1; als1
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1, familial; fals
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1, autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1, autosomal recessive, included
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, sporadic, in
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because 15 to 20% of cases of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS), referred to here as ALS1, are associated with mutations in the superoxide dismutase-1 gene (SOD1; 147450) on chromosome 21q22.1. Although most cases of SOD1-related familial ALS follow autosomal dominant inheritance, rare cases of autosomal recessive inheritance have been reported.
DESCRIPTION
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the death of motor neurons in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord, resulting in fatal paralysis. ALS usually begins with asymmetric involvement of the muscles in middle adult life. Approximately 10% of ALS cases are familial (Siddique and Deng, 1996). ALS is sometimes referred to as 'Lou Gehrig disease' after the famous American baseball player who was diagnosed with the disorder. Rowland and Shneider (2001) and Kunst (2004) provided extensive reviews of ALS. Some forms of ALS occur with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Familial ALS is distinct from a form of ALS with dementia reported in cases on Guam (105500) (Espinosa et al., 1962; Husquinet and Franck, 1980), in which the histology is different and dementia and parkinsonism complicate the clinical picture. - Genetic Heterogeneity of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS is a genetically heterogeneous disorder, with several causative genes and mapped loci. ALS6 (608030) is caused by mutation in the FUS gene (137070) on chromosome 16p11.2; ALS8 (608627) is caused by mutation in the VAPB gene (605704) on chromosome 13; ALS9 (611895) is caused by mutation in the ANG gene (105850) on chromosome 14q11; ALS10 (612069) is caused by mutation in the TARDBP gene (605078) on 1p36.2; ALS11 (612577) is caused by mutation in the FIG4 gene (609390) on chromosome 6q21; ALS12 (613435) is caused by mutation in the OPTN gene (602432) on chromosome 10p; ALS14 (613954) is caused by mutation in the VCP gene (601023) gene on chromosome 9p13-p12; ALS15 (300857) is caused by mutation in the UBQLN2 gene (300264) on chromosome Xp11.23-p11.1; ALS17 (614696) is caused by mutation in the CHMP2B gene (609512) on chromosome 3p11; ALS18 (614808) is caused by mutation in the PFN1 gene (176610) on chromosome 17p13.3; ALS19 (615515) is caused by mutation in the ERBB4 gene (600543) on chromosome 2q34; ALS20 (615426) is caused by mutation in the HNRNPA1 gene (164017) on chromosome 12q13; ALS21 (606070) is caused by mutation in the MATR3 gene (164015) on chromosome 5q31; and ALS22 (616208) is caused by mutation in the TUBA4A gene (191110) on chromosome 2q35. See also FTDALS (105550), caused by mutation in the C9ORF72 gene (614260) on chromosome 9p21. Loci associated with the disorder are found on chromosomes 18q21 (ALS3; 606640) and 20p13 (ALS7; 608031). Intermediate-length polyglutamine repeat expansions in the ATXN2 gene (601517) contribute to susceptibility to ALS (ALS13; 183090). Susceptibility to ALS has been associated with mutations in other genes, including deletions or insertions in the gene encoding the heavy neurofilament subunit (NEFH; 162230); deletions in the gene encoding peripherin (PRPH; 170710); and mutations in the dynactin gene (DCTN1; 601143). Some forms of ALS show juvenile onset. See juvenile-onset ALS2 (205100), caused by mutation in the alsin (606352) gene on 2q33; ALS4 (602433), caused by mutation in the senataxin gene (SETX; 608465) on 9q34; and ALS16 (614373), caused by mutation in the SIGMAR1 gene (6019 ... More on the omim web site
Oct. 27, 2019: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Entry updated from uniprot information.
Feb. 10, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Entry updated from uniprot information.
Feb. 2, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Dec. 19, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Nov. 23, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
March 25, 2017: Additional information
No protein expression data in P. Mayeux work for DCTN1
March 16, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 105400 was added.