Synaptogyrin-2 (SYNGR2)
The protein contains 224 amino acids for an estimated molecular weight of 24810 Da.
May play a role in regulated exocytosis. In neuronal cells, modulates the localization of synaptophysin/SYP into synaptic-like microvesicles and may therefore play a role in the formation and/or the maturation of this vesicles. May also play a role in GLUT4 storage and transport to the plasma membrane.', '(Microbial infection) May play a role in the assembly of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies required for SFTS phlebovirus replication. (updated: Oct. 25, 2017)
Protein identification was indicated in the following studies:
- Goodman and co-workers. (2013) The proteomics and interactomics of human erythrocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 238(5), 509-518.
- Lange and co-workers. (2014) Annotating N termini for the human proteome project: N termini and Nα-acetylation status differentiate stable cleaved protein species from degradation remnants in the human erythrocyte proteome. J Proteome Res. 13(4), 2028-2044.
- Hegedűs and co-workers. (2015) Inconsistencies in the red blood cell membrane proteome analysis: generation of a database for research and diagnostic applications. Database (Oxford) 1-8.
- Bryk and co-workers. (2017) Quantitative Analysis of Human Red Blood Cell Proteome. J Proteome Res. 16(8), 2752-2761.
- D'Alessandro and co-workers. (2017) Red blood cell proteomics update: is there more to discover? Blood Transfus. 15(2), 182-187.
Methods
The following articles were analysed to gather the proteome content of erythrocytes.
The gene or protein list provided in the studies were processed using the ID mapping API of Uniprot in September 2018. The number of proteins identified and mapped without ambiguity in these studies is indicated below.
Only Swiss-Prot entries (reviewed) were considered for protein evidence assignation.
| Publication | Identification 1 | Uniprot mapping 2 | Not mapped / Obsolete | TrEMBL | Swiss-Prot |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goodman (2013) | 2289 (gene list) | 2278 | 53 | 20599 | 2269 |
| Lange (2014) | 1234 | 1234 | 7 | 28 | 1224 |
| Hegedus (2015) | 2638 | 2622 | 0 | 235 | 2387 |
| Wilson (2016) | 1658 | 1528 | 170 | 291 | 1068 |
| d'Alessandro (2017) | 1826 | 1817 | 2 | 0 | 1815 |
| Bryk (2017) | 2090 | 2060 | 10 | 108 | 1942 |
| Chu (2018) | 1853 | 1804 | 55 | 362 | 1387 |
1 as available in the article and/or in supplementary material
2 uniprot mapping returns all protein isoforms as one entry
The compilation of older studies can be retrieved from the Red Blood Cell Collection database.
The data and differentiation stages presented below come from the proteomic study and analysis performed by our partners of the GReX consortium, more details are available in their published work.
This protein is predicted to be membranous by TOPCONS.
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No binding partner found
Biological Process
Protein targeting
Regulated exocytosis
Synaptic vesicle membrane organization
Viral process
Cellular Component
Cell junction
Extracellular exosome
Integral component of membrane
Lipid droplet
Neuromuscular junction
Synaptic vesicle membrane
Molecular Function
The reference OMIM entry for this protein is 603926
Synaptogyrin 2; syngr2
Cellugyrin
DESCRIPTION
Synaptic vesicles represent specialized secretory organelles that store neurotransmitters in nerve terminals, and release them by fusing with the presynaptic plasma membrane during exocytosis. Synaptogyrin (SYNGR1; 603925) and synaptophysins I (see 313475) and II (synaptoporin) contain 4 transmembrane regions with cytoplasmic C and N termini, and are among the most abundant synaptic vesicle proteins.CLONING
Janz and Sudhof (1998) identified a rat gene encoding cellugyrin, a protein related to synaptogyrin. Western blot analysis revealed that cellugyrin and synaptogyrin are expressed in mirror-image patterns in rat tissues: cellugyrin is ubiquitous with the lowest levels in brain, while synaptogyrin is detectable only in the brain. Subcellular fractionation of rat brain cells indicated that both synaptogyrin and cellugyrin are associated with microsomes; however, only synaptogyrin is found in synaptic vesicles. The authors suggested that synaptogyrin is a specialized version of the ubiquitous cellugyrin, supporting the concept that synaptic vesicles are a simplified and specialized form of a generic trafficking organelle. Independently, Kedra et al. (1998) identified cDNAs encoding the mouse and human homologs of cellugyrin, which they called synaptogyrin- 2 (SYNGR2). Like SYNGR1, the predicted 224-amino acid human SYNGR2 protein contains 4 transmembrane regions. Northern blot analysis revealed that the 1.6-kb SYNGR2 mRNA was expressed at high levels in all tissues tested except brain.MAPPING
By fluorescence in situ hybridization and by analysis of mapped clones, Kedra et al. (1998) mapped the SYNGR2 gene to 17qtel and an SYNGR2 pseudogene to 15q11. ... More on the omim web site
May 12, 2019: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: model status changed
Nov. 17, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: model status changed
Feb. 10, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Entry updated from uniprot information.
Feb. 2, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Dec. 19, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Oct. 27, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: model status changed
March 16, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 603926 was added.
Feb. 25, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: model status changed
Feb. 24, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: model status changed
Jan. 25, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: model status changed