Apolipoprotein L3 (APOL3)
The protein contains 402 amino acids for an estimated molecular weight of 44278 Da.
May affect the movement of lipids in the cytoplasm or allow the binding of lipids to organelles. (updated: March 4, 2015)
Protein identification was indicated in the following studies:
- Goodman and co-workers. (2013) The proteomics and interactomics of human erythrocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 238(5), 509-518.
- Lange and co-workers. (2014) Annotating N termini for the human proteome project: N termini and Nα-acetylation status differentiate stable cleaved protein species from degradation remnants in the human erythrocyte proteome. J Proteome Res. 13(4), 2028-2044.
- Hegedűs and co-workers. (2015) Inconsistencies in the red blood cell membrane proteome analysis: generation of a database for research and diagnostic applications. Database (Oxford) 1-8.
- Wilson and co-workers. (2016) Comparison of the Proteome of Adult and Cord Erythroid Cells, and Changes in the Proteome Following Reticulocyte Maturation. Mol Cell Proteomics. 15(6), 1938-1946.
- Bryk and co-workers. (2017) Quantitative Analysis of Human Red Blood Cell Proteome. J Proteome Res. 16(8), 2752-2761.
- D'Alessandro and co-workers. (2017) Red blood cell proteomics update: is there more to discover? Blood Transfus. 15(2), 182-187.
Methods
The following articles were analysed to gather the proteome content of erythrocytes.
The gene or protein list provided in the studies were processed using the ID mapping API of Uniprot in September 2018. The number of proteins identified and mapped without ambiguity in these studies is indicated below.
Only Swiss-Prot entries (reviewed) were considered for protein evidence assignation.
| Publication | Identification 1 | Uniprot mapping 2 | Not mapped / Obsolete | TrEMBL | Swiss-Prot |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goodman (2013) | 2289 (gene list) | 2278 | 53 | 20599 | 2269 |
| Lange (2014) | 1234 | 1234 | 7 | 28 | 1224 |
| Hegedus (2015) | 2638 | 2622 | 0 | 235 | 2387 |
| Wilson (2016) | 1658 | 1528 | 170 | 291 | 1068 |
| d'Alessandro (2017) | 1826 | 1817 | 2 | 0 | 1815 |
| Bryk (2017) | 2090 | 2060 | 10 | 108 | 1942 |
| Chu (2018) | 1853 | 1804 | 55 | 362 | 1387 |
1 as available in the article and/or in supplementary material
2 uniprot mapping returns all protein isoforms as one entry
The compilation of older studies can be retrieved from the Red Blood Cell Collection database.
The data and differentiation stages presented below come from the proteomic study and analysis performed by our partners of the GReX consortium, more details are available in their published work.
This protein is predicted to be membranous by TOPCONS.
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| Variant | Description |
|---|---|
| dbSNP:rs132653 | |
| dbSNP:rs6000152 |
No binding partner found
The reference OMIM entry for this protein is 607253
Apolipoprotein l-iii; apol3
Apol-iii
DESCRIPTION
Apolipoprotein L (APOL) proteins belong to the high density lipoprotein family, which plays a central role in cholesterol transport. The cholesterol content of membranes is important in cellular processes such as modulating gene transcription and signal transduction both in the adult brain and during neurodevelopment. The 6 APOL genes are clustered on chromosome 22q12.3.CLONING
Horrevoets et al. (1999) identified APOL3, which they designated CG12-1, using differential display analysis to identify genes induced in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) incubated with monocyte-conditioned medium and/or stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFA; 191160). The deduced 331-amino acid protein shares significant similarity with APOL1 (603743). In situ hybridization showed expression in endothelial cells lining the iliac artery and aorta of both normal and atherosclerotic vascular tissue. By EST and genomic sequence analysis, Duchateau et al. (2001) identified several APOL genes on chromosome 22, including APOL3. They also identified several APOL3 splice variants. Due to the close homology between the APOL genes, Duchateau et al. (2001) coamplified transcripts from APOL1, APOL2 (607252), and APOL3 and used gene-specific restriction enzymes to identify APOL3-specific PCR products. Four APOL3 transcripts were expressed ubiquitously, although at different levels in specific tissues. Highest expression was in lung. By semiquantitative RT-PCR, Page et al. (2001) detected ubiquitous expression of APOL3, which they designated APOL4, with highest levels in spinal cord, placenta, and adrenal gland, and lowest levels in brain, heart, and pancreas. Monajemi et al. (2002) noted that the deduced APOL3 protein contains no consensus signal peptide. Northern blot analysis revealed a single 2.3-kb transcript. Highest expression was in placenta, lung, and liver, with low expression in kidney and heart and no expression in pancreas. In situ analysis of human vascular tissue revealed expression of APOL3 specific to endothelial cells.GENE FUNCTION
Horrevoets et al. (1999) found that APOL3 was induced more than 10-fold following activation of HUVECs with TNFA.GENE STRUCTURE
Duchateau et al. (2001) determined that the APOL3 gene contains 7 exons. The promoter regions of the APOL1, APOL2, APOL3, and APOL4 (607254) genes have at least 1 SP1 (189906) site, a number of AP1 (165160) and AP4 (600743) sites, at least 1 GC box, multiple zinc finger-binding sites, and at least 1 sterol regulatory element-binding protein (see 184756) site. Each contains at least 2 conserved initiator sequences. The most commonly used promoter regions are TATA-less with multiple transcription initiation sites. APOL3 contains an alternative transcriptional start site due to an additional 5-prime exon. Monajemi et al. (2002) determined that the APOL3 gene spans approximately 21 kb. Noting homology within intronic sequences, they concluded that the APOL1, APOL2, APOL3, and APOL4 gene cluster is the result of tandem gene duplication, whereas APOL5 (607255) and APOL6 (607256) are more distantly related.MAPPING
By genomic sequence analysis, Duchateau et al. (2001) mapped the APOL3 gene to chromosome 22q12.1-q13.1. It is located in a cluster with APOL1, APOL2, and APOL4 that spans 127 kb. APOL1 is in the opposite orientation to the other 3. Page et al. (2001) found that the APOL cluster contains 6 genes and spans 619 ... More on the omim web site
Feb. 2, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Dec. 19, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Nov. 23, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
June 20, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: comparative model was added.
March 25, 2017: Additional information
No protein expression data in P. Mayeux work for APOL3
March 16, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 607253 was added.
Feb. 24, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: model status changed
Feb. 24, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: model status changed
Jan. 24, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: model status changed