60 kDa SS-A/Ro ribonucleoprotein (TROVE2)
The protein contains 538 amino acids for an estimated molecular weight of 60671 Da.
RNA-binding protein that binds to misfolded non-coding RNAs, pre-5S rRNA, and several small cytoplasmic RNA molecules known as Y RNAs. May stabilize some of these RNAs and protect them from degradation (PubMed:18056422). Binds to endogenous Alu retroelements which are induced by type I interferon and stimulate porinflammaotry cytokine secretion. Regulates the expression of Alu retroelements as well as inflammatory genes (PubMed:26382853).', 'May play roles in cilia formation and/or maintenance. (updated: May 8, 2019)
Protein identification was indicated in the following studies:
- Goodman and co-workers. (2013) The proteomics and interactomics of human erythrocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 238(5), 509-518.
- Hegedűs and co-workers. (2015) Inconsistencies in the red blood cell membrane proteome analysis: generation of a database for research and diagnostic applications. Database (Oxford) 1-8.
- Wilson and co-workers. (2016) Comparison of the Proteome of Adult and Cord Erythroid Cells, and Changes in the Proteome Following Reticulocyte Maturation. Mol Cell Proteomics. 15(6), 1938-1946.
- Chu and co-workers. (2018) Quantitative mass spectrometry of human reticulocytes reveal proteome-wide modifications during maturation. Br J Haematol. 180(1), 118-133.
Methods
The following articles were analysed to gather the proteome content of erythrocytes.
The gene or protein list provided in the studies were processed using the ID mapping API of Uniprot in September 2018. The number of proteins identified and mapped without ambiguity in these studies is indicated below.
Only Swiss-Prot entries (reviewed) were considered for protein evidence assignation.
| Publication | Identification 1 | Uniprot mapping 2 | Not mapped / Obsolete | TrEMBL | Swiss-Prot |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goodman (2013) | 2289 (gene list) | 2278 | 53 | 20599 | 2269 |
| Lange (2014) | 1234 | 1234 | 7 | 28 | 1224 |
| Hegedus (2015) | 2638 | 2622 | 0 | 235 | 2387 |
| Wilson (2016) | 1658 | 1528 | 170 | 291 | 1068 |
| d'Alessandro (2017) | 1826 | 1817 | 2 | 0 | 1815 |
| Bryk (2017) | 2090 | 2060 | 10 | 108 | 1942 |
| Chu (2018) | 1853 | 1804 | 55 | 362 | 1387 |
1 as available in the article and/or in supplementary material
2 uniprot mapping returns all protein isoforms as one entry
The compilation of older studies can be retrieved from the Red Blood Cell Collection database.
The data and differentiation stages presented below come from the proteomic study and analysis performed by our partners of the GReX consortium, more details are available in their published work.
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Biological Process
Cellular response to interferon-alpha
Cilium assembly
Immune system development
Regulation of gene expression
Response to UV
Smoothened signaling pathway
Transcription by RNA polymerase III
Cellular Component
Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Intracellular ribonucleoprotein complex
Nucleoplasm
Ribonucleoprotein complex
The reference OMIM entry for this protein is 600063
Trove domain family, member 2; trove2
Autoantigen ro/ssa, 60-kd; ro60
Sjogren syndrome antigen a2; ssa2
CLONING
The cDNA that encodes the 60-kD Ro/SSA autoantigen recognized by autoantibodies in certain lupus erythematosus (152700) and Sjogren syndrome (270150) sera was cloned and sequenced by Deutscher et al. (1988) and confirmed with minor differences by Ben-Chetrit et al. (1989).GENE FUNCTION
Ro autoantigens are of clinical significance because antibodies directed against them are found in most patients with primary Sjogren syndrome, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, neonatal lupus erythematosus, ANA-negative lupus erythematosus, and systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease secondary to homozygous C2 (217000) or C4 complement deficiency (see 120810). Ro antibody is a frequent cause of congenital heart block (234700). Alspaugh and Tan (1975) described 3 types of precipitating antibodies in the serum of Sjogren patients; they designated the 3 types as SS-A, SS-B, and SS-C. SS-A antibodies were later shown to be immunologically equivalent to the Ro antibodies. Hartung et al. (1992) found that the presence of Ro antibody was strongly associated with HLA type DR3. La antibodies (109090) showed the same association.MAPPING
Frank and Mattei (1994) used in situ hybridization to demonstrate that the RO60 gene maps to 1q31-q32.1 in the same region as the genes for regulators of complement activation, e.g., CR1 (120620). By fluorescence in situ hybridization, Chan et al. (1994) mapped the SSA2 gene to 1q31. The gene encoding the 52-kD Ro/SSA autoantigen (SSA1; 109092) maps to 11p15.5.ANIMAL MODEL
Antibodies against a conserved RNA-binding protein, the Ro60-kD autoantigen, occur in 24 to 60% of all patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (152700). Anti-Ro antibodies are correlated with photosensitivity and cutaneous lesions in these patients and with neonatal lupus, a syndrome in which mothers with anti-Ro antibodies give birth to children with complete congenital heart block (see 234700) and photosensitive skin lesions. In higher eukaryotes, the Ro protein binds small RNAs of unknown function known as Y RNAs. Because the Ro protein also binds misfolded 5S rRNA precursors, it may function in a quality-control pathway for ribosome biogenesis. Consistent with a role in the recognition or repair of intracellular damage, an ortholog of Ro in the radiation-resistant eubacterium Deinococcus radiodurans contributes to survival of this bacterium after UV irradiation. Xue et al. (2003) showed that mice lacking the Ro protein develop an autoimmune syndrome characterized by anti-ribosome antibodies, antichromatin antibodies, and glomerulonephritis. Moreover, in one strain background, Ro -/- mice displayed increased sensitivity to irradiation with UV light. Thus, one function of this major human autoantigen may be to protect against autoantibody development, possibly by sequestering defective ribonucleoproteins from immune surveillance. Furthermore, the finding that mice lacking the Ro protein are photosensitive suggests that loss of Ro function could contribute to the photosensitivity associated with anti-Ro antibodies in humans. ... More on the omim web site
May 11, 2019: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Entry updated from uniprot information.
Feb. 2, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Dec. 19, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Nov. 23, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
June 20, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: comparative model was added.
March 15, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 600063 was added.