Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 (GNG2)

The protein contains 71 amino acids for an estimated molecular weight of 7850 Da.

 

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction (By similarity). (updated: April 1, 2015)

Protein identification was indicated in the following studies:

  1. Goodman and co-workers. (2013) The proteomics and interactomics of human erythrocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 238(5), 509-518.
  2. Lange and co-workers. (2014) Annotating N termini for the human proteome project: N termini and Nα-acetylation status differentiate stable cleaved protein species from degradation remnants in the human erythrocyte proteome. J Proteome Res. 13(4), 2028-2044.
  3. Hegedűs and co-workers. (2015) Inconsistencies in the red blood cell membrane proteome analysis: generation of a database for research and diagnostic applications. Database (Oxford) 1-8.
  4. Wilson and co-workers. (2016) Comparison of the Proteome of Adult and Cord Erythroid Cells, and Changes in the Proteome Following Reticulocyte Maturation. Mol Cell Proteomics. 15(6), 1938-1946.
  5. Bryk and co-workers. (2017) Quantitative Analysis of Human Red Blood Cell Proteome. J Proteome Res. 16(8), 2752-2761.
  6. D'Alessandro and co-workers. (2017) Red blood cell proteomics update: is there more to discover? Blood Transfus. 15(2), 182-187.

Methods

The following articles were analysed to gather the proteome content of erythrocytes.

The gene or protein list provided in the studies were processed using the ID mapping API of Uniprot in September 2018. The number of proteins identified and mapped without ambiguity in these studies is indicated below.
Only Swiss-Prot entries (reviewed) were considered for protein evidence assignation.

PublicationIdentification 1Uniprot mapping 2Not mapped /
Obsolete
TrEMBLSwiss-Prot
Goodman (2013)2289 (gene list)227853205992269
Lange (2014)123412347281224
Hegedus (2015)2638262202352387
Wilson (2016)165815281702911068
d'Alessandro (2017)18261817201815
Bryk (2017)20902060101081942
Chu (2018)18531804553621387

1 as available in the article and/or in supplementary material
2 uniprot mapping returns all protein isoforms as one entry

The compilation of older studies can be retrieved from the Red Blood Cell Collection database.

The data and differentiation stages presented below come from the proteomic study and analysis performed by our partners of the GReX consortium, more details are available in their published work.

No sequence conservation computed yet.

This protein is annotated as membranous in Gene Ontology, is annotated as membranous in UniProt.


Interpro domains
Total structural coverage: 100%
Model score: 0

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The reference OMIM entry for this protein is 606981

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, gamma-2; gng2
G protein gamma-2 subunit
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein g(i)/g(o)

DESCRIPTION

Heterotrimeric G proteins play vital roles in cellular responses to external signals. The specificity of a G protein-receptor interaction is primarily mediated by the gamma subunit.

CLONING

Modarressi et al. (2000) identified GNG2 by differential display RT-PCR of normal testis RNA and RNA from the testis of infertile and azoospermic patients. The full-length cDNA, obtained by 5-prime RACE, encodes a deduced 71-amino acid protein that is 100% homologous with the bovine, mouse, and rat GNG2 proteins. RT-PCR revealed expression in adult testis, adrenals, brain, white blood cells, and lung, but no or undetectable expression in testis from infertile or azoospermic patients, or in adult liver, muscle, or prostate. PCR of fetal tissues revealed highest expression in sternum and brain, intermediate expression in limbs, stomach, intestine, and kidney, and lowest expression in testis, heart, spleen, and lung. High expression was also found in tumor tissues from thyroid and parotid glands, in a squamous cell carcinoma, and in a lymphoid cell line, with little detected in granulation tissue. Yu et al. (2001) independently cloned human GNG2 from a 22-week fetal liver cDNA library.

GENE FUNCTION

Modarressi et al. (2000) determined that the GNG2 gene contains 3 exons. Wolfe et al. (2003) demonstrated that inhibition of the alpha-1H (Ca(v)3.2) (CACNA1H; 607904), but not alpha-1G (Ca(v)3.1) (CACNA1G; 604065), low voltage-activated calcium channels is mediated selectively by G protein beta-2-gamma-2 subunits (GNB2, 139390, and GNG2) that bind to the intracellular loop connecting channel transmembrane domains II and III. This region of the alpha-1H channel is crucial for inhibition, because its replacement abrogates inhibition and its transfer to nonmodulated alpha-1G channels confers beta-2-gamma-2-dependent inhibition. Beta-gamma reduces channel activity independent of voltage, a mechanism distinct from the established beta-gamma-dependent inhibition of non-L-type high voltage-activated channels of the Ca(v)2 family. Wolfe et al. (2003) concluded that their studies identified the alpha-1H channel as a new effector for G protein beta-gamma subunits, and highlight the selective signaling roles available for particular beta-gamma combinations.

MAPPING

By PCR amplification of a panel of human and rodent cell hybrids and by FISH, Modarressi et al. (2000) mapped the GNG2 gene to chromosome 14q21. The mouse Gng2 gene maps to chromosome 14 (Downes et al., 1999). ... More on the omim web site

Subscribe to this protein entry history

May 12, 2019: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: model status changed

Nov. 17, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: model status changed

Feb. 2, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated

Dec. 19, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated

Nov. 23, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated

Oct. 27, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: model status changed

March 16, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 606981 was added.

Jan. 24, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: model status changed