Density-regulated protein (DENR)
The protein contains 198 amino acids for an estimated molecular weight of 22092 Da.
May be involved in the translation of target mRNAs by scanning and recognition of the initiation codon. Involved in translation initiation; promotes recruitmnet of aminoacetyled initiator tRNA to P site of 40S ribosomes. Can promote release of deacylated tRNA and mRNA from recycled 40S subunits following ABCE1-mediated dissociation of post-termination ribosomal complexes into subunits. Plays a role in the modulation of the translational profile of a subset of cancer-related mRNAs when recruited to the translational initiation complex by the oncogene MCTS1. (updated: April 1, 2015)
Protein identification was indicated in the following studies:
- Goodman and co-workers. (2013) The proteomics and interactomics of human erythrocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 238(5), 509-518.
- Lange and co-workers. (2014) Annotating N termini for the human proteome project: N termini and Nα-acetylation status differentiate stable cleaved protein species from degradation remnants in the human erythrocyte proteome. J Proteome Res. 13(4), 2028-2044.
- Hegedűs and co-workers. (2015) Inconsistencies in the red blood cell membrane proteome analysis: generation of a database for research and diagnostic applications. Database (Oxford) 1-8.
- Wilson and co-workers. (2016) Comparison of the Proteome of Adult and Cord Erythroid Cells, and Changes in the Proteome Following Reticulocyte Maturation. Mol Cell Proteomics. 15(6), 1938-1946.
- Bryk and co-workers. (2017) Quantitative Analysis of Human Red Blood Cell Proteome. J Proteome Res. 16(8), 2752-2761.
- D'Alessandro and co-workers. (2017) Red blood cell proteomics update: is there more to discover? Blood Transfus. 15(2), 182-187.
Methods
The following articles were analysed to gather the proteome content of erythrocytes.
The gene or protein list provided in the studies were processed using the ID mapping API of Uniprot in September 2018. The number of proteins identified and mapped without ambiguity in these studies is indicated below.
Only Swiss-Prot entries (reviewed) were considered for protein evidence assignation.
| Publication | Identification 1 | Uniprot mapping 2 | Not mapped / Obsolete | TrEMBL | Swiss-Prot |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goodman (2013) | 2289 (gene list) | 2278 | 53 | 20599 | 2269 |
| Lange (2014) | 1234 | 1234 | 7 | 28 | 1224 |
| Hegedus (2015) | 2638 | 2622 | 0 | 235 | 2387 |
| Wilson (2016) | 1658 | 1528 | 170 | 291 | 1068 |
| d'Alessandro (2017) | 1826 | 1817 | 2 | 0 | 1815 |
| Bryk (2017) | 2090 | 2060 | 10 | 108 | 1942 |
| Chu (2018) | 1853 | 1804 | 55 | 362 | 1387 |
1 as available in the article and/or in supplementary material
2 uniprot mapping returns all protein isoforms as one entry
The compilation of older studies can be retrieved from the Red Blood Cell Collection database.
The data and differentiation stages presented below come from the proteomic study and analysis performed by our partners of the GReX consortium, more details are available in their published work.
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The reference OMIM entry for this protein is 604550
Density-regulated protein; denr
Drp
CLONING
Deyo et al. (1998) isolated a cDNA corresponding to a novel density-regulated protein, which they designated DRP, from the human teratocarcinoma cell line PA-1. The DRP cDNA predicts a 243-amino acid peptide with consensus sites for N-myristoylation, cAMP- and/or cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation, and protein kinase C (see 176960) phosphorylation. Northern blot analysis detected a doublet of approximately 2.8 and 3.2 kb in a wide range of adult tissues, with highest levels of expression in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Western blot analysis using antipeptide antisera detected increasing amounts of a 70-kD protein in PA-1 cells concomitant with increasing cell number. Growth arrest effected by serum starvation did not induce DRP mRNA. TGF-beta (190180), which causes growth arrest in a variety of cells, also did not induce DRP expression.GENE FUNCTION
Schleich et al. (2014) uncovered the noncanonical initiation factors DENR and multiple copies in T-cell lymphoma-1 (see MCT1, 300587) as the first selective regulators of eukaryotic reinitiation. mRNAs containing upstream open reading frames (ORFs) with strong Kozak sequences selectively required DENR-MCT1 for their proper translation, yielding a novel class of mRNAs that can be coregulated and that is enriched for regulatory proteins such as oncogenic kinases. Schleich et al. (2014) concluded that their data revealed that cells have a theretofore unappreciated translational control system with a key role in supporting proliferation and tissue growth.MAPPING
Gross (2014) mapped the DENR gene to chromosome 12q24.31 based on an alignment of the DENR sequence (GenBank GENBANK AB014731) with the genomic sequence (GRCh37). ... More on the omim web site
Feb. 2, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Dec. 19, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Nov. 23, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
March 16, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 604550 was added.