Hornerin (HRNR)
The protein contains 2850 amino acids for an estimated molecular weight of 282390 Da.
Component of the epidermal cornified cell envelopes. (updated: April 1, 2015)
Protein identification was indicated in the following studies:
- Goodman and co-workers. (2013) The proteomics and interactomics of human erythrocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 238(5), 509-518.
- Hegedűs and co-workers. (2015) Inconsistencies in the red blood cell membrane proteome analysis: generation of a database for research and diagnostic applications. Database (Oxford) 1-8.
- Bryk and co-workers. (2017) Quantitative Analysis of Human Red Blood Cell Proteome. J Proteome Res. 16(8), 2752-2761.
- D'Alessandro and co-workers. (2017) Red blood cell proteomics update: is there more to discover? Blood Transfus. 15(2), 182-187.
Methods
The following articles were analysed to gather the proteome content of erythrocytes.
The gene or protein list provided in the studies were processed using the ID mapping API of Uniprot in September 2018. The number of proteins identified and mapped without ambiguity in these studies is indicated below.
Only Swiss-Prot entries (reviewed) were considered for protein evidence assignation.
| Publication | Identification 1 | Uniprot mapping 2 | Not mapped / Obsolete | TrEMBL | Swiss-Prot |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goodman (2013) | 2289 (gene list) | 2278 | 53 | 20599 | 2269 |
| Lange (2014) | 1234 | 1234 | 7 | 28 | 1224 |
| Hegedus (2015) | 2638 | 2622 | 0 | 235 | 2387 |
| Wilson (2016) | 1658 | 1528 | 170 | 291 | 1068 |
| d'Alessandro (2017) | 1826 | 1817 | 2 | 0 | 1815 |
| Bryk (2017) | 2090 | 2060 | 10 | 108 | 1942 |
| Chu (2018) | 1853 | 1804 | 55 | 362 | 1387 |
1 as available in the article and/or in supplementary material
2 uniprot mapping returns all protein isoforms as one entry
The compilation of older studies can be retrieved from the Red Blood Cell Collection database.
The data and differentiation stages presented below come from the proteomic study and analysis performed by our partners of the GReX consortium, more details are available in their published work.
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No binding partner found
Biological Process
Cell envelope organization
Establishment of skin barrier
Hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
Keratinization
Neutrophil degranulation
The reference OMIM entry for this protein is 616293
Hornerin; hrnr
DESCRIPTION
Hornerin (HRNR) is an epidermal protein expressed in psoriatic lesions and in human skin during wound healing (Takaishi et al., 2005).CLONING
By searching databases, screening a human skin cDNA library, and 5-prime RACE, Takaishi et al. (2005) cloned human HRNR. The predicted 2,850-amino acid protein contains N-terminal EF-hand domains, followed by a spacer domain and a large repetitive domain with features of fused-type S100 (see 176940) family members. Sequence similarity with the mouse ortholog is highest in the EF-hand domains (approximately 75%) and lowest in the repetitive region (less than 50%). RT-PCR analysis detected HRNR expression in human vulva and psoriatic skin, but not in other normal tissues tested. Western blot analysis showed expression of HRNR in psoriatic but not normal human skin, in contrast with filaggrin (FLG; 135940), which was expressed in both normal and psoriatic skin. Immunohistochemistry of psoriatic skin demonstrated granular cytoplasmic expression of HRNR in the peripheral region of a lesion in an area that was also positive for profilaggrin. RT-PCR showed induction of HRNR mRNA in human skin 5 days after wounding. Immunohistochemical analysis detected HRNR protein expression in proximal epidermis 15 days after wounding. Takaishi et al. (2005) proposed that HRNR has a function similar to, but distinct from, that of filaggrin in cornification.GENE STRUCTURE
Takaishi et al. (2005) determined that the HRNR gene contains 3 exons and spans about 12.1 kb.MAPPING
By genomic sequence analysis, Takaishi et al. (2005) mapped the HRNR gene to chromosome 1q21.3, where it is flanked by the FLG gene on the telomeric side and the TCHH gene (190370) on the centromeric side. The mouse genes are located in a syntenic region on chromosome 3F2.1. ... More on the omim web site
Feb. 10, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 616293 was added.
Feb. 2, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Dec. 19, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Nov. 23, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
March 25, 2017: Additional information
No protein expression data in P. Mayeux work for HRNR