N-terminal kinase-like protein (SCYL1)
The protein contains 808 amino acids for an estimated molecular weight of 89631 Da.
Regulates COPI-mediated retrograde protein traffic at the interface between the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum (PubMed:18556652). Involved in the maintenance of the Golgi apparatus morphology (PubMed:26581903). Has no detectable kinase activity in vitro (PubMed:18556652).', 'Isoform 6 acts as transcriptional activator. It binds to three different types of GC-rich DNA binding sites (box-A, -B and -C) in the beta-polymerase promoter region. It also binds to the TERT promoter region. (updated: Jan. 31, 2018)
Protein identification was indicated in the following studies:
- Goodman and co-workers. (2013) The proteomics and interactomics of human erythrocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 238(5), 509-518.
- Hegedűs and co-workers. (2015) Inconsistencies in the red blood cell membrane proteome analysis: generation of a database for research and diagnostic applications. Database (Oxford) 1-8.
- Bryk and co-workers. (2017) Quantitative Analysis of Human Red Blood Cell Proteome. J Proteome Res. 16(8), 2752-2761.
- D'Alessandro and co-workers. (2017) Red blood cell proteomics update: is there more to discover? Blood Transfus. 15(2), 182-187.
Methods
The following articles were analysed to gather the proteome content of erythrocytes.
The gene or protein list provided in the studies were processed using the ID mapping API of Uniprot in September 2018. The number of proteins identified and mapped without ambiguity in these studies is indicated below.
Only Swiss-Prot entries (reviewed) were considered for protein evidence assignation.
| Publication | Identification 1 | Uniprot mapping 2 | Not mapped / Obsolete | TrEMBL | Swiss-Prot |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goodman (2013) | 2289 (gene list) | 2278 | 53 | 20599 | 2269 |
| Lange (2014) | 1234 | 1234 | 7 | 28 | 1224 |
| Hegedus (2015) | 2638 | 2622 | 0 | 235 | 2387 |
| Wilson (2016) | 1658 | 1528 | 170 | 291 | 1068 |
| d'Alessandro (2017) | 1826 | 1817 | 2 | 0 | 1815 |
| Bryk (2017) | 2090 | 2060 | 10 | 108 | 1942 |
| Chu (2018) | 1853 | 1804 | 55 | 362 | 1387 |
1 as available in the article and/or in supplementary material
2 uniprot mapping returns all protein isoforms as one entry
The compilation of older studies can be retrieved from the Red Blood Cell Collection database.
The data and differentiation stages presented below come from the proteomic study and analysis performed by our partners of the GReX consortium, more details are available in their published work.
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Biological Process
Cellular protein localization
Inflammatory response
Neuron development
Peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
Regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
Retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum
Spinal cord motor neuron differentiation
Transcription, DNA-templated
The reference OMIM entry for this protein is 607982
Scy1-like 1; scyl1
Scy1, s. cerevisiae, homolog of, 1
N-terminal kinase-like; ntkl
CLONING
Liu et al. (2000) cloned mouse Scyl1, which they called p105, from an adipocyte cell line cDNA library. The deduced 806-amino acid protein has a calculated molecular mass of about 89 kD. Scyl1 shares significant sequence similarity with kinases, but its putative kinase domain lacks subdomain 1 of the 12 characteristic subdomains, and it is missing highly conserved residues in other subdomains, suggesting that Scyl1 is not a functional kinase. Western blot analysis of mouse tissues found that Scyl1 has an apparent molecular mass of about 105 kD and is present in all tissues examined. Western blot analysis of subcellular fractions indicated that mouse Scyl1 is primarily cytosolic and that it is present in low density microsomes. By large-scale sequencing of a mammary gland cDNA library, followed by nested PCR and 5-prime RACE, Kato et al. (2002) cloned SCYL1, which they called NTKL. The deduced 808-amino acid protein has a calculated molecular mass of 89.6 kD. Kato et al. (2002) also cloned 2 splice variants that harbor internal deletions and encode proteins of 791 and 707 amino acids, which they termed variant 1 and variant 2, respectively. NTKL has an N-terminal kinase-like domain and a C-terminal cluster of basic amino acids. NTKL shares 90% amino acid identity with mouse Ntkl, and like mouse Ntkl, it does not contain kinase subdomain 1. NTKL also shares sequence similarity with the S. cerevisiae Scy1 protein. Northern blot analysis detected a 2.8-kb transcript in all tissues tested.GENE FUNCTION
Using NTKL carrying 2 different epitope tags, Kato et al. (2002) found that NTKL forms multimers following transfection into COS-7 cells. They determined that NTKL forms a 300-kD trimer using crosslinking reagents. Biochemical analysis revealed no phosphorylation or autophosphorylation activity. Kato et al. (2002) found that the 707-amino acid NTKL variant, variant 2, localized to centrosomes during mitosis. During interphase, fluorescence-tagged variant 2 localized in the cytoplasm as well as centrosomes. However, at the beginning of mitosis, the fluorescence appeared as a pair of bright nuclear foci that followed centrosome localization throughout mitosis, while maintaining diffuse cytoplasmic labeling. Endogenous variant 2 in HeLa cells showed a similar staining pattern. Centrosomal localization was independent of microtubules. Di et al. (2003) identified an Ntkl-binding protein (GORAB; 607983) in mouse that colocalized with Ntkl in cytoplasm and showed ubiquitous expression.GENE STRUCTURE
Kato et al. (2002) determined that the SCYL1 gene contains 18 exons and spans about 15 kb. Alternative splicing produces variant 1, which lacks half of exon 14, and variant 2, which lacks most of exon 14, all of exon 15, and half of exon 16.MAPPING
By genomic sequence analysis, Liu et al. (2000) and Kato et al. (2002) mapped the SCYL1 gene to chromosome 11q13. ... More on the omim web site
Feb. 10, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Entry updated from uniprot information.
Feb. 2, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Dec. 19, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Nov. 23, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
March 16, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 607982 was added.