Tropomodulin-3 (TMOD3)
The protein contains 352 amino acids for an estimated molecular weight of 39595 Da.
Blocks the elongation and depolymerization of the actin filaments at the pointed end. The Tmod/TM complex contributes to the formation of the short actin protofilament, which in turn defines the geometry of the membrane skeleton (By similarity). (updated: Oct. 10, 2018)
Protein identification was indicated in the following studies:
Methods
The following articles were analysed to gather the proteome content of erythrocytes.
The gene or protein list provided in the studies were processed using the ID mapping API of Uniprot in September 2018. The number of proteins identified and mapped without ambiguity in these studies is indicated below.
Only Swiss-Prot entries (reviewed) were considered for protein evidence assignation.
| Publication | Identification 1 | Uniprot mapping 2 | Not mapped / Obsolete | TrEMBL | Swiss-Prot |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goodman (2013) | 2289 (gene list) | 2278 | 53 | 20599 | 2269 |
| Lange (2014) | 1234 | 1234 | 7 | 28 | 1224 |
| Hegedus (2015) | 2638 | 2622 | 0 | 235 | 2387 |
| Wilson (2016) | 1658 | 1528 | 170 | 291 | 1068 |
| d'Alessandro (2017) | 1826 | 1817 | 2 | 0 | 1815 |
| Bryk (2017) | 2090 | 2060 | 10 | 108 | 1942 |
| Chu (2018) | 1853 | 1804 | 55 | 362 | 1387 |
1 as available in the article and/or in supplementary material
2 uniprot mapping returns all protein isoforms as one entry
The compilation of older studies can be retrieved from the Red Blood Cell Collection database.
The data and differentiation stages presented below come from the proteomic study and analysis performed by our partners of the GReX consortium, more details are available in their published work.
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No binding partner found
Biological Process
Actin filament organization
Erythrocyte development
Muscle contraction
Myofibril assembly
Pointed-end actin filament capping
Positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition
Molecular Function
Actin binding
Cadherin binding involved in cell-cell adhesion
Tropomyosin binding
The reference OMIM entry for this protein is 605112
Tropomodulin 3; tmod3
Tropomodulin, ubiquitous; utmod tmod3/cyp19a1 fusion gene, included
CLONING
Using EST database searches, sequencing, and RT-PCR, Cox and Zoghbi (2000) cloned human and mouse cDNAs corresponding to the TMOD3 gene. Human TMOD3 encodes a deduced 352-amino acid protein. Northern blot analysis on human tissues detected ubiquitous expression of 7 TMOD3 transcripts ranging in size from approximately 1 to 9.5 kb. In the mouse, Tmod3 expression was present as early as embryonic day 7 and continued throughout development. By RNA dot blot analysis, Conley et al. (2001) confirmed expression of TMOD3, which they designated UTMOD, in all adult and fetal tissues examined. Expression was relatively uniform in all tissues tested, showing less than a 4-fold difference between the highest and lowest levels.GENE STRUCTURE
Conley et al. (2001) determined that the TMOD3 gene contains 10 exons and spans at least 40 kb. Shozu et al. (2003) determined that the regulatory regions upstream of the CGNL1 (607856) and TMOD3 promoters are similar. Each has typical characteristics of a TATA-less promoter, which includes a transcription initiator cap sequence and multiple DNA motifs that bind transcription factors.MAPPING
By radiation hybrid analysis, Cox and Zoghbi (2000) mapped the TMOD3 and TMOD2 (602928) genes to human chromosome 15q21.1-q21.2 and the mouse orthologs to a region of conserved synteny on chromosome 9. In connection with the molecular analysis of 3 patients with gynecomastia (139300) due to excessive activity of the aromatase gene (CYP19A1; 107910), Shozu et al. (2003) mapped the CGNL1, TMOD3, and aromatase genes, in that order from telomere to centromere, in the 15q21.2-q21.3 region. By genome database searching, they found that CGNL1 and TMOD3 are transcribed from the same DNA strand toward the telomere, whereas the aromatase gene is transcribed from the opposite strand toward the centromere.MOLECULAR GENETICS
In an isolated case of progressive gynecomastia beginning at the age of 7 years and followed by premature puberty, Shozu et al. (2003) found that an inversion in the 15q21.2-q21.3 region had brought the TMOD3 promoter adjacent to the aromatase coding region, resulting in a syndrome of estrogen excess (107910.0011). ... More on the omim web site
June 30, 2020: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 605112 was added.
Oct. 19, 2018: Additional information
Initial protein addition to the database. This entry was referenced in Bryk and co-workers. (2017).