D-dopachrome decarboxylase (DDT)
The protein contains 118 amino acids for an estimated molecular weight of 12712 Da.
Tautomerization of D-dopachrome with decarboxylation to give 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI). (updated: March 4, 2015)
Protein identification was indicated in the following studies:
- Goodman and co-workers. (2013) The proteomics and interactomics of human erythrocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 238(5), 509-518.
- Lange and co-workers. (2014) Annotating N termini for the human proteome project: N termini and Nα-acetylation status differentiate stable cleaved protein species from degradation remnants in the human erythrocyte proteome. J Proteome Res. 13(4), 2028-2044.
- Hegedűs and co-workers. (2015) Inconsistencies in the red blood cell membrane proteome analysis: generation of a database for research and diagnostic applications. Database (Oxford) 1-8.
- D'Alessandro and co-workers. (2017) Red blood cell proteomics update: is there more to discover? Blood Transfus. 15(2), 182-187.
- Bryk and co-workers. (2017) Quantitative Analysis of Human Red Blood Cell Proteome. J Proteome Res. 16(8), 2752-2761.
Methods
The following articles were analysed to gather the proteome content of erythrocytes.
The gene or protein list provided in the studies were processed using the ID mapping API of Uniprot in September 2018. The number of proteins identified and mapped without ambiguity in these studies is indicated below.
Only Swiss-Prot entries (reviewed) were considered for protein evidence assignation.
| Publication | Identification 1 | Uniprot mapping 2 | Not mapped / Obsolete | TrEMBL | Swiss-Prot |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goodman (2013) | 2289 (gene list) | 2278 | 53 | 20599 | 2269 |
| Lange (2014) | 1234 | 1234 | 7 | 28 | 1224 |
| Hegedus (2015) | 2638 | 2622 | 0 | 235 | 2387 |
| Wilson (2016) | 1658 | 1528 | 170 | 291 | 1068 |
| d'Alessandro (2017) | 1826 | 1817 | 2 | 0 | 1815 |
| Bryk (2017) | 2090 | 2060 | 10 | 108 | 1942 |
| Chu (2018) | 1853 | 1804 | 55 | 362 | 1387 |
1 as available in the article and/or in supplementary material
2 uniprot mapping returns all protein isoforms as one entry
The compilation of older studies can be retrieved from the Red Blood Cell Collection database.
The data and differentiation stages presented below come from the proteomic study and analysis performed by our partners of the GReX consortium, more details are available in their published work.
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The reference OMIM entry for this protein is 602750
D-dopachrome tautomerase; ddt
DESCRIPTION
D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) converts D-dopachrome into 5,6-dihydroxyindole (summary by Nishihira et al., 1998).CLONING
By screening a liver library with a rat D-dopachrome tautomerase cDNA, Nishihira et al. (1998) identified cDNAs encoding human DDT. The sequence of the predicted 118-amino acid DDT protein is 80% identical to that of the rat protein. The molecular mass of recombinant DDT expressed in bacterial cells was 13 kD by SDS-PAGE. Northern blot analysis revealed that DDT was expressed as a 0.6-kb mRNA in all tissues tested, with the strongest expression in liver.GENE FUNCTION
Using site-directed mutagenesis, Nishihira et al. (1998) showed that the N-terminal proline is essential for D-dopachrome tautomerization.GENE STRUCTURE
Esumi et al. (1998) found that the DDT gene in human and mouse is identical in exon structure to the MIF gene (153620). Both genes have 2 introns that are located at equivalent positions relative to a 2-fold repeat in protein structure. Although in similar positions, the introns are in different phases relative to the open reading frame. Other members of this superfamily exist in nematodes and a plant, and a related gene in C. elegans shares an intron position with MIF and DDT.MAPPING
In addition to similarities in structure, the genes for DDT and MIF are closely linked on human chromosome 22 and mouse chromosome 10. Esumi et al. (1998) demonstrated the close linkage by anaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization in the human. The DDT gene was mapped in the mouse by interspecific backcross analysis. ... More on the omim web site
Feb. 2, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Dec. 19, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Nov. 23, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
March 25, 2017: Additional information
No protein expression data in P. Mayeux work for DDT
March 16, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 602750 was added.
Jan. 28, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: model status changed
Jan. 24, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: model status changed