Translin-associated protein X (TSNAX)
The protein contains 290 amino acids for an estimated molecular weight of 33112 Da.
Acts in combination with TSN as an endonuclease involved in the activation of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Possible role in spermatogenesis. (updated: March 4, 2015)
Protein identification was indicated in the following studies:
- Goodman and co-workers. (2013) The proteomics and interactomics of human erythrocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 238(5), 509-518.
- Lange and co-workers. (2014) Annotating N termini for the human proteome project: N termini and Nα-acetylation status differentiate stable cleaved protein species from degradation remnants in the human erythrocyte proteome. J Proteome Res. 13(4), 2028-2044.
- Hegedűs and co-workers. (2015) Inconsistencies in the red blood cell membrane proteome analysis: generation of a database for research and diagnostic applications. Database (Oxford) 1-8.
- Wilson and co-workers. (2016) Comparison of the Proteome of Adult and Cord Erythroid Cells, and Changes in the Proteome Following Reticulocyte Maturation. Mol Cell Proteomics. 15(6), 1938-1946.
- Bryk and co-workers. (2017) Quantitative Analysis of Human Red Blood Cell Proteome. J Proteome Res. 16(8), 2752-2761.
- D'Alessandro and co-workers. (2017) Red blood cell proteomics update: is there more to discover? Blood Transfus. 15(2), 182-187.
- Chu and co-workers. (2018) Quantitative mass spectrometry of human reticulocytes reveal proteome-wide modifications during maturation. Br J Haematol. 180(1), 118-133.
Methods
The following articles were analysed to gather the proteome content of erythrocytes.
The gene or protein list provided in the studies were processed using the ID mapping API of Uniprot in September 2018. The number of proteins identified and mapped without ambiguity in these studies is indicated below.
Only Swiss-Prot entries (reviewed) were considered for protein evidence assignation.
| Publication | Identification 1 | Uniprot mapping 2 | Not mapped / Obsolete | TrEMBL | Swiss-Prot |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goodman (2013) | 2289 (gene list) | 2278 | 53 | 20599 | 2269 |
| Lange (2014) | 1234 | 1234 | 7 | 28 | 1224 |
| Hegedus (2015) | 2638 | 2622 | 0 | 235 | 2387 |
| Wilson (2016) | 1658 | 1528 | 170 | 291 | 1068 |
| d'Alessandro (2017) | 1826 | 1817 | 2 | 0 | 1815 |
| Bryk (2017) | 2090 | 2060 | 10 | 108 | 1942 |
| Chu (2018) | 1853 | 1804 | 55 | 362 | 1387 |
1 as available in the article and/or in supplementary material
2 uniprot mapping returns all protein isoforms as one entry
The compilation of older studies can be retrieved from the Red Blood Cell Collection database.
The data and differentiation stages presented below come from the proteomic study and analysis performed by our partners of the GReX consortium, more details are available in their published work.
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Biological Process
Cell differentiation
Gene expression
Multicellular organism development
Production of siRNA involved in RNA interference
Protein transport
RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, endonucleolytic
Spermatogenesis
Cellular Component
Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Golgi apparatus
Nucleoplasm
Nucleus
Perinuclear region of cytoplasm
The reference OMIM entry for this protein is 602964
Translin-associated factor x; tsnax
Trax
CLONING
Translin (TSN; 600575) is a DNA-binding protein that specifically binds to consensus sequences at breakpoint junctions of chromosomal translocations in many cases of lymphoid malignancies. Aoki et al. (1997) used a yeast 2-hybrid system to screen a human spleen cDNA library for potential interactions of TSN with other proteins. They isolated a TSNAX cDNA, termed TRAX (translin-associated factor X) by the authors, whose product specifically interacted with TSN in cotransformation and in vitro interaction assays. The cDNA encodes a putative 290-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 33 kD. The protein contains a heptad repeat of hydrophobic amino acids consistent with the hypothetical leucine zipper structure. The authors found 28% amino acid sequence identity between TSNAX and TSN, with 38% identity in the C-terminal regions. Northern blot analysis revealed a single TSNAX transcript of 2.7 kb, with a tissue distribution similar to that of the TSN transcript.GENE FUNCTION
Liu et al. (2009) reconstituted long double-stranded RNA- and duplex siRNA-initiated RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) activities with the use of recombinant Drosophila Dicer-2 (see 606241), R2D2, and Ago2 (606229) proteins. They used this core reconstitution system to purify an RNAi regulator that they termed C3PO (component 3 promoter of RISC), a complex of translin and TRAX. C3PO is a magnesium ion-dependent endoribonuclease that promotes RISC activation by removing siRNA passenger strand cleavage products. Liu et al. (2009) showed that TRAX is unstable without translin and that TRAX is the catalytic subunit of C3PO. Liu et al. (2009) concluded that their study established an in vitro RNAi reconstitution system and identified C3PO as a key activator of the core RNAi machinery.GENE STRUCTURE
Meng et al. (2000) determined that the genomic structure of TSNAX is similar to that of TSN, consisting of 6 exons encompassing approximately 27 kb of genomic DNA.MAPPING
By fluorescence in situ hybridization, Meng et al. (2000) mapped the TSNAX gene to chromosome 1q41.MOLECULAR GENETICS
Cannon et al. (2005) conducted a population-based twin cohort study in Finland to examine the association of SNPs of DISC1 (605210) and TRAX with schizophrenia (SCZD9; 604906) and several endophenotypic traits thought to be involved in the disease pathogenesis. Two hundred and thirty-six subjects consisting of 7 pairs concordant for schizophrenia (6 monozygotic, 1 dizygotic), 52 pairs discordant for schizophrenia (20 monozygotic, 32 dizygotic), and 59 demographically balanced normal pairs (28 monozygotic, 31 dizygotic) were drawn from a twin cohort consisting of all same-sex twins born in Finland from 1940 through 1957. Diagnosis was confirmed, and performance measurements on neurocognitive tests of short- and long-term memory as well as gray matter volume measurements as assessed on MRI images were recorded. A common haplotype incorporating 3 SNPs near the translocation breakpoint of DISC1 (HEP1; odds ratio, 2.6, p = 0.02) and a rare haplotype incorporating 4 markers from the DISC1 and TRAX genes (combined HEP2/HEP3; odds ratio, 13.0, p = 0.001) were significantly overrepresented among individuals with schizophrenia. These haplotypes were also associated with several quantitative and endophenotypic traits including impairments in short- and long-term memory, functioning, and reduced gray matter density in the pref ... More on the omim web site
Feb. 2, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Dec. 19, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
March 25, 2017: Additional information
No protein expression data in P. Mayeux work for TSNAX
March 16, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 602964 was added.