Polyubiquitin-C (UBC)
The protein contains 685 amino acids for an estimated molecular weight of 77039 Da.
Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling. (updated: Dec. 11, 2019)
Protein identification was indicated in the following studies:
- Goodman and co-workers. (2013) The proteomics and interactomics of human erythrocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 238(5), 509-518.
- Lange and co-workers. (2014) Annotating N termini for the human proteome project: N termini and Nα-acetylation status differentiate stable cleaved protein species from degradation remnants in the human erythrocyte proteome. J Proteome Res. 13(4), 2028-2044.
- Hegedűs and co-workers. (2015) Inconsistencies in the red blood cell membrane proteome analysis: generation of a database for research and diagnostic applications. Database (Oxford) 1-8.
Methods
The following articles were analysed to gather the proteome content of erythrocytes.
The gene or protein list provided in the studies were processed using the ID mapping API of Uniprot in September 2018. The number of proteins identified and mapped without ambiguity in these studies is indicated below.
Only Swiss-Prot entries (reviewed) were considered for protein evidence assignation.
| Publication | Identification 1 | Uniprot mapping 2 | Not mapped / Obsolete | TrEMBL | Swiss-Prot |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goodman (2013) | 2289 (gene list) | 2278 | 53 | 20599 | 2269 |
| Lange (2014) | 1234 | 1234 | 7 | 28 | 1224 |
| Hegedus (2015) | 2638 | 2622 | 0 | 235 | 2387 |
| Wilson (2016) | 1658 | 1528 | 170 | 291 | 1068 |
| d'Alessandro (2017) | 1826 | 1817 | 2 | 0 | 1815 |
| Bryk (2017) | 2090 | 2060 | 10 | 108 | 1942 |
| Chu (2018) | 1853 | 1804 | 55 | 362 | 1387 |
1 as available in the article and/or in supplementary material
2 uniprot mapping returns all protein isoforms as one entry
The compilation of older studies can be retrieved from the Red Blood Cell Collection database.
The data and differentiation stages presented below come from the proteomic study and analysis performed by our partners of the GReX consortium, more details are available in their published work.
This protein is annotated as membranous in Gene Ontology.
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Biological Process
Activation of MAPK activity
Aggrephagy
Amyloid fibril formation
Anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process
Antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
Antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent
Antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
Apoptotic process
Apoptotic signaling pathway
Carbohydrate metabolic process
Cellular iron ion homeostasis
Cellular protein metabolic process
Cellular response to hypoxia
Circadian rhythm
Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
Cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
DNA damage response, detection of DNA damage
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest
DNA repair
Endoplasmic reticulum mannose trimming
Endosomal transport
Entry of bacterium into host cell
Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
ERBB2 signaling pathway
Error-free translesion synthesis
Error-prone translesion synthesis
Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway
Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
Gene expression
Global genome nucleotide-excision repair
Glucose metabolic process
Glycogen biosynthetic process
I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
Innate immune response
Interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway
Interstrand cross-link repair
Intracellular transport of virus
Ion transmembrane transport
JNK cascade
Macroautophagy
MAPK cascade
Membrane organization
Mitotic cell cycle
Modification-dependent protein catabolic process
Modulation by symbiont of host defense response
MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Negative regulation of apoptotic process
Negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
Negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Negative regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
Negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway
Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
Negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
Negative regulation of type I interferon production
Neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway
NIK/NF-kappaB signaling
Notch receptor processing
Notch signaling pathway
Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway
Nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition
Nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding
Nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling
Nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision
Nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 5'-to lesion
Nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex assembly
Obsolete negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in mitotic cell cycle
Obsolete positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in regulation of mitotic cell cycle transition
Obsolete regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in mitotic cell cycle
Pathogenesis
Positive regulation of apoptotic process
Positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
Positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
Positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
Positive regulation of type I interferon production
Pre-replicative complex assembly
Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
Protein deubiquitination
Protein folding
Protein localization
Protein polyubiquitination
Protein targeting to peroxisome
Protein ubiquitination
Protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
Regulation of apoptotic process
Regulation of exit from mitosis
Regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
Regulation of mRNA stability
Regulation of necroptotic process
Regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator
Regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia
Regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
Regulation of type I interferon production
SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
Small molecule metabolic process
Stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway
Stress-activated MAPK cascade
T cell receptor signaling pathway
Toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway
Toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
Toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway
Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
Toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway
Toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway
Toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway
Transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
Transcription, DNA-templated
Transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair
Transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
Translesion synthesis
Transmembrane transport
TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
Viral life cycle
Viral process
Viral protein processing
Viral translation
Virion assembly
Wnt signaling pathway
Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
Cellular Component
Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Endocytic vesicle membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment
Endosome membrane
Extracellular exosome
Extracellular space
Host cell
Mitochondrial outer membrane
Myelin sheath
Nucleoplasm
Nucleus
Plasma membrane
Vesicle
Molecular Function
Poly(A) RNA binding
Protease binding
Protein tag
RNA binding
Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
The reference OMIM entry for this protein is 191340
Ubiquitin c; ubc
Polyubiquitin
DESCRIPTION
Studies of ubiquitin cDNAs and genes show 2 unusual gene structural arrangements (Schlesinger and Bond, 1987). The first type of arrangement is the polyubiquitin gene, consisting of tandem repeats of a ubiquitin coding unit, with the number of repeats varying considerably even within species. Presumably posttranslational cleavage produces ubiquitin monomers from the primary translation product. The second structural type is the ubiquitin fusion gene, which encodes a single ubiquitin moiety fused to an unrelated tail protein. Three types of ubiquitin have been identified: A, B (191339), and C. The ubiquitin C (UBC) mRNA corresponds to a 9-coding-unit polyubiquitin gene.MAPPING
During Northern blot analysis of ubiquitin mRNA, Baker and Board (1989) observed a UBC mRNA length polymorphism. They characterized this 'mRLP', showed that it correlated precisely with an HaeIII RFLP, and explained the origin of the polymorphism on the basis of unequal crossover events. Using a 5-prime flanking fragment to probe Southern blots of DNA obtained from somatic cell hybrid cell lines, Board et al. (1992) determined that the UBC gene is located on chromosome 12. In situ hybridization with the same probe refined the assignment to 12q24.3. ... More on the omim web site
Jan. 22, 2020: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Entry updated from uniprot information.
Feb. 2, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Dec. 19, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Nov. 23, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
March 25, 2017: Additional information
No protein expression data in P. Mayeux work for UBC
Sept. 16, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 191340 was added.