Basigin (BSG)
The protein contains 385 amino acids for an estimated molecular weight of 42200 Da.
Essential for normal retinal maturation and development (By similarity). Acts as a retinal cell surface receptor for NXNL1 and plays an important role in NXNL1-mediated survival of retinal cone photoreceptors (PubMed:25957687). In association with glucose transporter SLC16A1/GLUT1 and NXNL1, promotes retinal cone survival by enhancing aerobic glycolysis and accelerating the entry of glucose into photoreceptors (PubMed:25957687). May act as a potent stimulator of IL6 secretion in multiple cell lines that include monocytes (PubMed:21620857).', 'Signaling receptor for cyclophilins, essential for PPIA/CYPA and PPIB/CYPB-dependent signaling related to chemotaxis and adhesion of immune cells (PubMed:11943775, PubMed:11688976). Plays an important role in targeting monocarboxylate transporters SLC16A1/GLUT1, SLC16A11 and SLC16A12 to the plasma membrane (PubMed:17127621, PubMed:21778275, PubMed:28666119). Acts as a coreceptor for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR/VEGFR2) in endothelial cells enhancing its VEGFA-mediated activation and downstream signaling (PubMed:25825981). Promotes angiogenesis through EPAS1/HIF2A-mediated up-regulation of VEGFA (isoform VEGF-165 and VEGF-121) and KDR/VEGFR2 in endothelial cells (PubMed:19837976). Plays a key role in regulating tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and neoangiogenesis by stimulating the production and release of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases and KDR/VEGFR2 by both tumor cells and stromal cells (fibroblasts an (updated: Oct. 7, 2020)
Protein identification was indicated in the following studies:
- Goodman and co-workers. (2013) The proteomics and interactomics of human erythrocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 238(5), 509-518.
- Lange and co-workers. (2014) Annotating N termini for the human proteome project: N termini and Nα-acetylation status differentiate stable cleaved protein species from degradation remnants in the human erythrocyte proteome. J Proteome Res. 13(4), 2028-2044.
- Hegedűs and co-workers. (2015) Inconsistencies in the red blood cell membrane proteome analysis: generation of a database for research and diagnostic applications. Database (Oxford) 1-8.
- Bryk and co-workers. (2017) Quantitative Analysis of Human Red Blood Cell Proteome. J Proteome Res. 16(8), 2752-2761.
- D'Alessandro and co-workers. (2017) Red blood cell proteomics update: is there more to discover? Blood Transfus. 15(2), 182-187.
- Chu and co-workers. (2018) Quantitative mass spectrometry of human reticulocytes reveal proteome-wide modifications during maturation. Br J Haematol. 180(1), 118-133.
Methods
The following articles were analysed to gather the proteome content of erythrocytes.
The gene or protein list provided in the studies were processed using the ID mapping API of Uniprot in September 2018. The number of proteins identified and mapped without ambiguity in these studies is indicated below.
Only Swiss-Prot entries (reviewed) were considered for protein evidence assignation.
| Publication | Identification 1 | Uniprot mapping 2 | Not mapped / Obsolete | TrEMBL | Swiss-Prot |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goodman (2013) | 2289 (gene list) | 2278 | 53 | 20599 | 2269 |
| Lange (2014) | 1234 | 1234 | 7 | 28 | 1224 |
| Hegedus (2015) | 2638 | 2622 | 0 | 235 | 2387 |
| Wilson (2016) | 1658 | 1528 | 170 | 291 | 1068 |
| d'Alessandro (2017) | 1826 | 1817 | 2 | 0 | 1815 |
| Bryk (2017) | 2090 | 2060 | 10 | 108 | 1942 |
| Chu (2018) | 1853 | 1804 | 55 | 362 | 1387 |
1 as available in the article and/or in supplementary material
2 uniprot mapping returns all protein isoforms as one entry
The compilation of older studies can be retrieved from the Red Blood Cell Collection database.
The data and differentiation stages presented below come from the proteomic study and analysis performed by our partners of the GReX consortium, more details are available in their published work.
This protein is annotated as membranous in Gene Ontology, is annotated as membranous in UniProt, is predicted to be membranous by TOPCONS.
(right-click above to access to more options from the contextual menu)
Biological Process
Angiogenesis
Axon guidance
Blood coagulation
Cell surface receptor signaling pathway
Cellular metabolic process
Decidualization
Dendrite self-avoidance
Embryo implantation
Endothelial tube morphogenesis
Extracellular matrix disassembly
Extracellular matrix organization
Homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules
Leukocyte migration
Neural retina development
Neutrophil chemotaxis
Odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
Photoreceptor cell maintenance
Positive regulation of endothelial cell migration
Positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
Positive regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion
Positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
Positive regulation of viral entry into host cell
Protein localization to plasma membrane
Protein targeting to plasma membrane
Pyruvate metabolic process
Response to cAMP
Response to mercury ion
Response to peptide hormone
Small molecule metabolic process
Cellular Component
Acrosomal membrane
Axon
Basolateral plasma membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Endosome
Extracellular exosome
Focal adhesion
Golgi membrane
Integral component of plasma membrane
Intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
Melanosome
Membrane
Membrane raft
Mitochondrion
Photoreceptor inner segment
Photoreceptor outer segment
Plasma membrane
Sarcolemma
The reference OMIM entry for this protein is 109480
Basigin; bsg
Tcsf
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer; emmprin
M6 leukocyte activation antigen; m6
Cd147 antigen; cd147
DESCRIPTION
Basigin is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, with a structure related to the putative primordial form of the family. As members of the immunoglobulin superfamily play fundamental roles in intercellular recognition involved in various immunologic phenomena, differentiation, and development, basigin is thought also to play a role in intercellular recognition (Miyauchi et al., 1991; Kanekura et al., 1991).CLONING
By screening an expression library of a mouse embryonic carcinoma cell line, Miyauchi et al. (1990) obtained a cDNA encoding an Ig superfamily protein that they termed basigin, for 'basic immunoglobulin.' Miyauchi et al. (1991) identified the homologous human sequence by probing a human gastric carcinoma cell line with the mouse cDNA probe. The deduced 269-amino acid human protein contains a 22-amino acid signal sequence, an extracellular domain with 3 potential N-glycosylation sites, a 24-amino acid transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic region. Human basigin shares 58% and 28% amino acid identity with mouse basigin and embigin (EMB; 615669), respectively. It also shares significant homology with human MCH class II beta chain. Northern blot analysis detected a 2.0-kb transcript in the gastric carcinoma cell line. Kanekura et al. (1991) showed that different forms of basigin could be produced in mouse via different modes of glycosylation. They also identified cDNA clones with different 5-prime coding sequences, suggesting possible variation in the N-terminal sequence of basigin. By biochemical, immunochemical, and micropeptide sequencing analyses, Spring et al. (1997) determined that the OK blood group antigen (see 111380) is identical to the M6 leukocyte activation antigen and BSG. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated ubiquitous expression in leukocytes. Immunohistochemistry indicated that OK antigen is expressed in a number of normal human tissues as well as in malignant cells. Immunoblot analysis showed expression of a 34-kD protein and a 50- to 70-kD protein of similar size to that seen in erythrocyte membranes. By PCR using primers designed from purified peptide fragments, followed by RACE, Biswas et al. (1995) cloned EMMPRIN. The deduced 269-amino acid protein encodes a 21-amino acid N-terminal signal peptide, followed by a 185-amino acid extracellular domain, a putative transmembrane region, and a short C-terminal domain. The extracellular domain contains 2 immunoglobulin-like subdomains, and the putative transmembrane region has features of a leucine zipper motif. Northern blot analysis detected a 1.7-kb EMMPRIN transcript in a human hepatic stellate cell line. Wu et al. (2011) stated that there are 4 splice variants of BSG. RT-PCR showed that only variant-2 was expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Variant-2 lacks exon 3 and encodes a protein with a deletion in its N-terminal region compared with the full-length protein.GENE STRUCTURE
Guo et al. (1998) determined that the BSG gene contains 8 exons and spans 10.8 kb. Exon 1 contains the 5-prime UTR and the translation start site, which falls within a CpG island. The 5-prime flanking sequence contains 3 consensus binding sites for SP1 (189906) and 2 sites for AP2 (107580), but no TATA or CAAT boxes. Wu et al. (2011) reported that the BSG gene contains 10 exons. The first 4 exons, including 2 alternative first exons, are subject to alternative splicing.MAPPING
Kaname et al. (1993) mapped t ... More on the omim web siteThe reference OMIM entry for this protein is 111380
Blood group--ok; ok
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because the OK(a-) phenotype results from a mutation in the gene encoding basigin (BSG; 109480). A murine monoclonal antibody produced in response to immunization with a human teratocarcinoma cell line recognizes a cell surface antigen expressed by all human cells, including red blood cells. All red cell samples tested reacted positively with the monoclonal antibody except those of a very rare phenotype called OK(a-). Only 3 unrelated OK(a-) propositi were known to Williams et al. (1987), who found that the cells in all 3 were negative for the monoclonal antibody. Further tests suggested that the immune antibody found in the serum of some OK(a-) persons recognized the same cell surface determinant as did the monoclonal antibody. The determinant was found on the red cells of gorillas and chimpanzees but not on the red cells of rhesus monkeys, baboons, and marmosets. Indirect radioimmunoassay of reactivity to the monoclonal antibody by somatic cell hybrids located the gene to 19pter-p13.2. By biochemical, immunochemical, and micropeptide sequencing analyses, Spring et al. (1997) determined that the OK blood group antigen is identical to the M6 leukocyte activation antigen, also called BSG. They identified a mutation in the BSG gene (109480.0001) that resulted in the OK(a-) phenotype in 2 Japanese sisters and an unrelated Japanese donor. The authors noted that the OK(a-) phenotype had only been identified in 8 families, all which were Japanese. ... More on the omim web site
July 1, 2021: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 109480 was added.
July 1, 2021: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 111380 was added.
April 11, 2021: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 111380 was added.
April 11, 2021: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 109480 was added.
Feb. 16, 2021: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 109480 was added.
Feb. 16, 2021: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 111380 was added.
Oct. 21, 2020: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 111380 was added.
Oct. 21, 2020: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 109480 was added.
Oct. 20, 2020: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Entry updated from uniprot information.
Aug. 25, 2020: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 111380 was added.
Aug. 25, 2020: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 109480 was added.
June 30, 2020: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 109480 was added.
June 30, 2020: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 111380 was added.
Jan. 22, 2020: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Entry updated from uniprot information.
Nov. 16, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Entry updated from uniprot information.
July 6, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 109480 was added.
July 6, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 111380 was added.
July 6, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 109480 was added.
July 6, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 111380 was added.
July 5, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 109480 was added.
July 5, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 109480 was added.
July 5, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 111380 was added.
July 5, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 111380 was added.
July 4, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 109480 was added.
July 4, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 111380 was added.
July 2, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 109480 was added.
July 2, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 111380 was added.
May 26, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 109480 was added.
May 26, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 111380 was added.
April 27, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 109480 was added.
April 27, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 111380 was added.
Feb. 5, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Entry updated from uniprot information.
Feb. 2, 2018: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Dec. 19, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
Nov. 23, 2017: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: Uniprot description updated
March 16, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: OMIM entry 109480 was added.
Jan. 24, 2016: Protein entry updated
Automatic update: model status changed